Site-Specific Radiolabeling of a Human PD-L1 Nanobody via Maleimide–Cysteine Chemistry

Cell-specific PD-L1 expression in DLBCL.

In this issue of Blood, a new study by Kiyasu et al used a double-staining technique to identify cell-specific programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in 1253 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples and analyzed the findings together with programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression in tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and clinical outcomes, providing new insights into the role of th...

Human Cancer Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade

The ligation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 counteracts T-cell activation, which is critical in immune tolerance. The persistent high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 are also observed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and various tumor cells, maintaining the highly suppressive microenvironment in tumor sites and promoting tumor malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 a...

Regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade

Immune checkpoint blockades, such as inhibitors against programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have received extensive attention in the past decade because of their dramatic clinical outcomes in advanced malignancies. However, both primary and acquired resistance becomes one of the major obstacles, which greatly limits the long-lasting effects and wide application of PD-1/PD-L1 block...

Over-Expression of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

Increase of cells expressing PD‐1 and PD‐L1 and enhancement of IFN‐γ production via PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade in bovine mycoplasmosis

INTRODUCTION Bovine mycoplasma, chiefly Mycoplasma bovis, is a pathogen that causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and otitis media in cattle. This pathogen exerts immunosuppressive effects, such as the inhibition of interferon production. However, the mechanisms involved in bovine mycoplasmosis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the programmed death-1 (...